ISLAM
Islam is to worship Allah and not worship anything besides Him, to offer prayers perfectly, to pay the (compulsory) charity i.e. Zakat and to fast the month of Ramadan.
The Arabic word salaam ( سلام -peace) has the same root as the word Islam. Peace is a basic concept in Islamic thought. Meaning of 'Islam' ( إسلام ) is submiting of will to One and Only God, Allāh.
Islam (الإسلام al-ʾislām ) is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, the words of Allāh ( الله: God) to humanity, and by the teachings and normative example(called the Sunnah and composed of Hadith) of Muhammad (PBUH), considered by them to be the last prophet of Allāh(God).
An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim.
The religion Islam has its own worldview system including beliefs about "ultimate reality, epistemology, ontology, ethics, purpose, etc."
Muslims says that Allāh(God) is one and incomparable and the purpose of existence is to love and serve Allāh(God). Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through Abraham, Moses and Jesus, whom consider as prophets. They maintain that previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time, but consider the Qur'an to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of Allāh(God).
Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment.
Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment.
The most populous Muslim country is Indonesia home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims followed by Pakistan (11.0%), India (10.9%), and Bangladesh (9.2%). Sizable communities are also found in China, Russia,and parts of Europe. With over 1.9 billion followers or over 30% of earth's population, Islam is the largest and The Fastest-Growing religions in the world.
Muhammad(pbuh) says, “Do you not know that accepting Islam destroys all sins which come before it?” (Recorded at Saheeh Muslim)
Follow this Link : Quran, Science and Islamic Golden Age with 20 famous Muslim Scientist
"Whomsoever God desires to guide, He expands his breast to Islam." :Quran
Allah says to humans
"Today, I have perfected your religion (dīn) for you; I have completed My blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your religion."
Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God—more than just a verbal affirmation of faith. Another technical meaning in Islamic thought is as one part of a triad of Islam, imān (faith), and ihsān (excellence) where it represents acts of `ibādah (service) and sharia(Islamic law).
Articles of faith:
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The core beliefs of Islam are that "There is no God but Allah; Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the prophet of Allāh" ( "لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌرَسُولُ الله " ), the last in a series of prophets beginning with Adam. The Qur’an is upheld as the eternal, literal word of God, and revelations to earlier prophets, as seen in the Jewish Torah (Towrat) and Christian Gospels (Injil), are believed to have become distorted by human intervention. Qur’an was revealed to Prophet Muhammad pbuh through the angel Gabriel, and belief in angels as God’s servants is part of the Islamic tradition. Belief in the Day of Judgment, when all people will undergo bodily resurrection and be judged by God, is another core tenet.
Peace and Justice:
Justice, as outlined in the Quran, refers to 'balance and is the foundation upon which creation stands. " 
Ali Ibn Abi Talib Radhiallāhu ta'ala anhu, the fourth Caliph after the Prophet, has an incisive definition of justice. He considers justice to be the placement of everything in their proper order. The issue of proportionality and relativeness is thus an indispensable part of justice.
"O ye who believe! stand out firmly for Allāh Ta'alaa, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allāh Ta'alaa. For Allāh Ta'alaa is well-acquainted with all that ye do."-Al Quran[Al Maida]
Peace based on justice, therefore, would mean a balanced, fair and tranquil state of affairs, where all concerned would enjoy their due rights and protection.
Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is reported to have said once, "Mankind are the family of God, and the most beloved of them to God are those who are the most excellent to His family." "Not one of you believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself."
Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is reported to have said once, "Mankind are the family of God, and the most beloved of them to God are those who are the most excellent to His family." "Not one of you believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself."
Allāh(God) :
Allāh means the name of God in Islam. Islam's most fundamental concept is a rigorous monotheism, called tawhīd ( توحيد ).
"Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him." (112:1-4, Al-Quran)
"There is nothing
Whatever like unto Allah,
And Allah is the One
That hears and sees (all things)."
[Al-Qur’an 42:11]
Muslims believe that creation of everything in the universe is brought into being by God’s sheer command “‘Be’ and so it is.” and that the purpose of existence is to love and serve God. He is viewed as a personal God who responds whenever a person in need or distress calls Him.
In Islamic tradition, there are 99 Names of God (al-asmā al-ḥusnā literaly meaning: The best names) each of which distinct characteristic of Allāh Ta'alaa. All these names refer to Allāh Ta'alaa, the supreme and all-comprehensive divine name. Among the 99 names of Allāh Ta'alaa, the most famous and most frequent of these names are "the Merciful" (ar-raḥmān) and "the Compassionate" (al-raḥīm). Muslims use Arabic phrase insha Allāh (Allāh willing) after references to future events. Muslim discursive piety encourages beginning things with the invocation of Bismi-llāh (In the name of Allāh). There are certain phrases in praise of God that are favored by Muslims, including "Subhan-Allāh" (Holiness be to Allāh), "Alhamdulillah" (Praise be to God), lā ʾilāha ʾilla-llāh (There is no deity but Allāh) and "Allāhu Akbar" (Allāh is great) as a devotional exercise of remembering Allāh (zikr).
Angels(Malayka or, Farista):
Belief in angels is fundamental for Muslims. The Arabic word for angel ملاك (malak: messenger), like its counterparts in Hebrew (malakh) and Greek (angelos). According to the Qur'an, angels do not possess free will, and worship Allāh in total obedience.Angels' duties include communicating revelations from Allāh, glorifying Allāh, recording every person's actions, and taking a person's soul at the time of death. They are also thought to intercede on man's behalf.
Revelations:
The Qur'anic revelation started one night during the month of Ramadan in 610 AD, when Last Prophet Muhammad[PBUH], who was forty years old, received the first revelation from the angel Gabriel, who had given him the responsibility for inscribing these messages from God to give to mankind.Muslim scholars believe that Last prophet Muhammad[PBUH] was illiterate, as mentioned in the Qur'an itself,
The angel brought the word of God to the Prophet verbatim, without any alteration or change. In the Qur’an it is emphasized that the Prophet was required only to receive the sacred text and that he had no authority to change it. Even though the Prophet Muhammad had no authority to change the Qur’an he was not a passive bystander. He was active in the way that he received the revelations in full consciousness, witnessing in his heart the greatness of the presence of the voice of God. It is also, believed that God did not make himself known through the revelations; it was his will that was revealed.
Muslims believe that parts of the previously revealed scriptures, the Tawrat (Torah) and the Injil (Gospels), had become distorted—either in interpretation, in text, or both.The Qur'an (literally, “Reading” or “Recitation”) is viewed by Muslims as the final revelation and literal Word of God and is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature work in the Arabic language. Muslims believe that the verses of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad (PBUH) by God through the archangel Gabriel (Jibrīl) on many occasions between 610 CE until his death on June 8, 632 CE.While Muhammad was alive, all of these revelations were written down by his companions (sahabah), although the prime method of transmission was orally through memorization. After the death of Muhammad(PBUH), it was compiled in the time of Abu Bakr, the first caliph, and was standardized under the administration of Uthman, the third caliph.
"Those who follow the messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write, whom they will find described in the Torah and the Gospel (which are) with them......"Qur'an 7:157.
Muslims believe that parts of the previously revealed scriptures, the Tawrat (Torah) and the Injil (Gospels), had become distorted—either in interpretation, in text, or both.The Qur'an (literally, “Reading” or “Recitation”) is viewed by Muslims as the final revelation and literal Word of God and is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature work in the Arabic language. Muslims believe that the verses of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad (PBUH) by God through the archangel Gabriel (Jibrīl) on many occasions between 610 CE until his death on June 8, 632 CE.While Muhammad was alive, all of these revelations were written down by his companions (sahabah), although the prime method of transmission was orally through memorization. After the death of Muhammad(PBUH), it was compiled in the time of Abu Bakr, the first caliph, and was standardized under the administration of Uthman, the third caliph.
The Qur'an is more concerned with moral guidance than legal instruction, and is considered the "sourcebook of Islamic principles and values". Muslim jurists consult the hadith, or the written record of Prophet Muhammad's life, to both supplement the Qur'an and assist with its interpretation. The science of Qur'anic commentary and exegesis is known as tafsir. When Muslims speak in the abstract about "the Qur'an", they usually mean the scripture as recited in Arabic rather than the printed work or any translation of it. Qur'an is perfect only as revealed in the original Arabic; translations are necessarily deficient because of language differences, the fallibility of translators, and the impossibility of preserving the original's inspired style. Translations are therefore regarded only as commentaries on the Qur'an, or "interpretations of its meaning", not as the Qur'an itself. Prophets Muslims identify the prophets of Islam ( نبي nabī ) as those humans chosen by God to be his messengers.
According to the Qur'anthe descendants of Abraham and Imran were chosen by God to bring the "Will of God" to the peoples of the nations. Muslims believe that prophets are human and not divine, though some are able to perform miracles to prove their claim. Islamic theology says that all of God's messengers preached the message of Islam—submission to the Will of God. The Qur'an mentions the names of numerous figures considered prophets in
Islam, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, among others.Muslims believe that God finally sent Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam (Seal of the Prophets) to convey the divine message to the whole world (to sum up and to finalize the word of God). In Islam, the "normative" example of Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's life is called the Sunnah (literally "trodden path"). This example is preserved in traditions known as hadith ("reports"), which recount his words, his actions, and his personal characteristics. Hadith Qudsi is a sub-category of hadith, regarded as the words of God repeated by Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam differing from the Quran in that they are "expressed in Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's words", whereas the quran are the "direct words of God". The classical Muslim jurist ash-Shafi'i (d. 820) emphasized the importance of the Sunnah in Islamic law, and Muslims are encouraged to emulate Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's actions in their daily lives. The Sunnah is seen as crucial to guiding interpretation of the Qur'an. Six of these collections, compiled in the 3rd century AH (9th century CE), came to be regarded as especially authoritative by the largest group in Islām, the Sunnites. Another large group, the Shīʾah, has its own Ḥadīth contained in four canonical collections.
The Qur'an is the book of divine guidance and direction for humanity and consider the text in its original Arabic to be the literal word of God, revealed to Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam through the angel Gabriel over a period of twenty-three years and view the Qur'an as God's final revelation to humanity.The Quran (English pronunciation: /kɒˈrɑːn/ kor-AHN;C Arabic: القرآن al-qurʾān, IPA: [qurˈʔaːn],[variations] literally meaning "the recitation"), also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Al-Coran, Coran, Kuran, and Al-Qur'an, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God (Arabic: الله , Allah). It isregarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language.
The Quran is composed of verses (Ayah) that make up 114 chapters (suras) of unequal length which are classified either as Meccan ( المكية ) or Medinan ( المدينية ) depending upon the place and time of their claimed revelation. Muslims believe the Quran to be verbally revealed through angel Jibrīl (Gabriel) from God to Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam gradually over a period of approximately 23 years beginning in 610 CE, when Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam was 40, and concluding in 632 CE, the year of his death.
Shortly after Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's death the Qur'an was compiled into a single book by order of the first Caliph Abu Bakr and at the suggestion of his future successor Umar. Hafsa, Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's widow and Caliph Umar (Ra:)'s daughter, was entrusted with that Quranic text after the second Caliph Umar (Ra:) died.When the third Caliph Uthman began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Qur'anic Arabic by those whose dialect was not that of the Quraish, sought Hafsa's permission to use her text and commissioned a committee to produce a standard copy of the text of Qur'an to which added diacritical marks ensured correct pronunciation, and to be set as the standard dialect, the Quraish dialect, now known as Fus'ha (Modern Standard Arabic) (see Origin and development of the Qur'an). Five of these original Qur'ans (Mus'haf) were sent to the major Muslim cities of the era, with Uthman keeping one for his own use in Medina. Any variations to standardized text were invalidated and ordered to be destroyed, all other versions of the Qur'an copied by scribes subsequently were from this codex. This process of formalization is known as the "Uthmanic recension".The present form of the Qur'an text is accepted by most scholars as the original version compiled by Abu Bakr. Muslims regard the Qur'an as the main miracle of Muhammad, the proof of his prophethood and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam, regarded in Islam as the first prophet, and continued with the Suhuf Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham), the Tawrat (Torah or Pentateuch) of Moses, the Zabur (Tehillim or Book of Psalms) of David, and the Injil (Gospel) of Jesus. The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in Jewish and Christian scriptures, summarizing some, dwelling at length on others and in some cases presenting alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance, sometimes offering detailed accounts of specific historical events, and often emphasizing the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.According to the Qur'anthe descendants of Abraham and Imran were chosen by God to bring the "Will of God" to the peoples of the nations. Muslims believe that prophets are human and not divine, though some are able to perform miracles to prove their claim. Islamic theology says that all of God's messengers preached the message of Islam—submission to the Will of God. The Qur'an mentions the names of numerous figures considered prophets in
Islam, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, among others.Muslims believe that God finally sent Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam (Seal of the Prophets) to convey the divine message to the whole world (to sum up and to finalize the word of God). In Islam, the "normative" example of Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's life is called the Sunnah (literally "trodden path"). This example is preserved in traditions known as hadith ("reports"), which recount his words, his actions, and his personal characteristics. Hadith Qudsi is a sub-category of hadith, regarded as the words of God repeated by Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam differing from the Quran in that they are "expressed in Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's words", whereas the quran are the "direct words of God". The classical Muslim jurist ash-Shafi'i (d. 820) emphasized the importance of the Sunnah in Islamic law, and Muslims are encouraged to emulate Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam's actions in their daily lives. The Sunnah is seen as crucial to guiding interpretation of the Qur'an. Six of these collections, compiled in the 3rd century AH (9th century CE), came to be regarded as especially authoritative by the largest group in Islām, the Sunnites. Another large group, the Shīʾah, has its own Ḥadīth contained in four canonical collections.
Al-Qur'an
The Quran is composed of verses (Ayah) that make up 114 chapters (suras) of unequal length which are classified either as Meccan ( المكية ) or Medinan ( المدينية ) depending upon the place and time of their claimed revelation. Muslims believe the Quran to be verbally revealed through angel Jibrīl (Gabriel) from God to Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam gradually over a period of approximately 23 years beginning in 610 CE, when Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam was 40, and concluding in 632 CE, the year of his death.
Resurrection and judgment:
Belief in the "Day of Resurrection", Yawm al-Qiyāmah (Arabic: يوم القيامة ) is also crucial for Muslims. They believe the time of Qiyāmah is preordained by God but unknown to man. The trials and tribulations preceding and during the Qiyāmah are described in the Qur'an and the hadith, and also in the commentaries of scholars. The Qur'an emphasizes bodily resurrection, a break from the pre-Islamic Arabian understanding of death.On Yawm al-Qiyāmah, Muslims believe all mankind will be judged on their good and bad deeds. The Qur'an lists several sins that can condemn a person to hell, such as disbelief (Arabic: كفر Kufr), and dishonesty; however, the Qur'an makes it clear God will forgive the sins of those who repent if He so wills. Good deeds, such as charity and prayer, will be rewarded with entry to heaven. Muslims view heaven as a place of joy and bliss, with Qur'anic references describing its features and the physical pleasures to come. Mystical traditions in Islam place these heavenly delights in the context of an ecstatic awareness of God.
Yawm al-Qiyāmah is also identified in the Qur'an as Yawm ad-Dīn (Arabic: يوم الدين ), "Day of Religion"; as-sāʿah (Arabic: الساعة ), "the Last Hour"; and al-Qāriʿah (Arabic: القارعة ), "The Clatterer."[Predestination In accordance with the Islamic belief in predestination, or divine preordainment (al-qadā wa'l-qadar), God has full knowledge and control over all that occurs. This is explained in Qur'anic verses such as "Say: 'Nothing will happen to us except what Allāh Ta'alaa has decreed for us: He is our protector'..." For Muslims, everything in the world that occurs, good or evil, has been preordained and nothing can happen unless permitted by God. According to Muslim theologians, although events are pre-ordained, man possesses free will in that he has the faculty to choose between right and wrong, and is thus responsible for his actions. According to Islamic tradition, all that has been decreed by God is written in al-Lawh al-Mahfūz, the "Preserved Tablet".
Yawm al-Qiyāmah is also identified in the Qur'an as Yawm ad-Dīn (Arabic: يوم الدين ), "Day of Religion"; as-sāʿah (Arabic: الساعة ), "the Last Hour"; and al-Qāriʿah (Arabic: القارعة ), "The Clatterer."[Predestination In accordance with the Islamic belief in predestination, or divine preordainment (al-qadā wa'l-qadar), God has full knowledge and control over all that occurs. This is explained in Qur'anic verses such as "Say: 'Nothing will happen to us except what Allāh Ta'alaa has decreed for us: He is our protector'..." For Muslims, everything in the world that occurs, good or evil, has been preordained and nothing can happen unless permitted by God. According to Muslim theologians, although events are pre-ordained, man possesses free will in that he has the faculty to choose between right and wrong, and is thus responsible for his actions. According to Islamic tradition, all that has been decreed by God is written in al-Lawh al-Mahfūz, the "Preserved Tablet".
Five pillars :
The Pillars of Islam (arkan al-Islam; also arkan ad-din, "pillars of religion") are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory for all believers. The Quran presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith. They are (1) the shahadah (creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting during Ramadan and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime.
The shahadah (Testimony):
The Shahadah, which is the basic creed of Islam that must be recited under oath with the specific statement:
"'ašhadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ašhadu 'anna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh", or "I testify there are no deities other than God alone and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." This testament is a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Islam. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer, and non-Muslims wishing to convert to Islam are required to recite the creed.[Prayer Ritual prayers, called Ṣalāh or Ṣalāt (Arabic: صلاة ), must be performed five times a day. Salah is intended to focus the mind on God, and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Salah is compulsory but flexibility in the specifics is allowed depending on circumstances. The prayers are recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur'an. A mosque is a place of worship for Muslims, who often refer to it by its Arabic name, masjid. The word mosque in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated to Islamic worship, although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller, privately owned mosque and the larger, "collective" mosque (masjid jāmi`). Although the primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as a place of prayer, it is also important to the Muslim community as a place to meet and study. Modern mosques have evolved greatly from the early designs of the 7th century, and contain a variety of architectural elements such as minarets.Shia Islam permits combining prayers in succession Fasting(Ramadan).
Further information: Sawm of Ramadan Fasting, (Arabic: صوم ṣawm), from food and drink (among other things) must be performed from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadhan. The fast is to encourage a feeling of nearness to God, and during it Muslims should express their gratitude for and dependence on him, atone for their past sins, and think of the needy. Sawm is not obligatory for several groups for whom it would constitute an undue burden. For others, flexibility is allowed depending on
circumstances, but missed fasts usually must be made up quickly
"'ašhadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ašhadu 'anna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh", or "I testify there are no deities other than God alone and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." This testament is a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Islam. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer, and non-Muslims wishing to convert to Islam are required to recite the creed.[Prayer Ritual prayers, called Ṣalāh or Ṣalāt (Arabic: صلاة ), must be performed five times a day. Salah is intended to focus the mind on God, and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Salah is compulsory but flexibility in the specifics is allowed depending on circumstances. The prayers are recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur'an. A mosque is a place of worship for Muslims, who often refer to it by its Arabic name, masjid. The word mosque in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated to Islamic worship, although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller, privately owned mosque and the larger, "collective" mosque (masjid jāmi`). Although the primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as a place of prayer, it is also important to the Muslim community as a place to meet and study. Modern mosques have evolved greatly from the early designs of the 7th century, and contain a variety of architectural elements such as minarets.Shia Islam permits combining prayers in succession Fasting(Ramadan).
Further information: Sawm of Ramadan Fasting, (Arabic: صوم ṣawm), from food and drink (among other things) must be performed from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadhan. The fast is to encourage a feeling of nearness to God, and during it Muslims should express their gratitude for and dependence on him, atone for their past sins, and think of the needy. Sawm is not obligatory for several groups for whom it would constitute an undue burden. For others, flexibility is allowed depending on
circumstances, but missed fasts usually must be made up quickly
Alms-giving "Zakāt" (Arabic: زكاة zakāh "alms") is giving a fixed portion of accumulated wealth by those who can afford it to help
the poor or needy, and also to assist the spread of Islam. It is considered a religious obligation (as opposed to voluntary charity) that the well-off owe to the needy because their wealth is seen as a "trust from God's bounty". The Qur'an and the hadith also suggest a Muslim give even more as an act of voluntary alms-giving (ṣadaqah).
Ritual prayers, called Ṣalāh or Salāt ( صلاة ), must be performed five times a day by all Muslims. Salah is intended to focus the mind on Allah (One and Only God), and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Salah is compulsory but flexibility in the specifics is allowed depending on circumstances. The prayer sare recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur'an.
A mosque is a place of worship for Muslims, who often refer to it byits Arabic name, masjid. the poor or needy, and also to assist the spread of Islam. It is considered a religious obligation (as opposed to voluntary charity) that the well-off owe to the needy because their wealth is seen as a "trust from God's bounty". The Qur'an and the hadith also suggest a Muslim give even more as an act of voluntary alms-giving (ṣadaqah).
Salāt or, Namaj (Prayer):
Ritual prayers, called Ṣalāh or Salāt ( صلاة ), must be performed five times a day by all Muslims. Salah is intended to focus the mind on Allah (One and Only God), and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Salah is compulsory but flexibility in the specifics is allowed depending on circumstances. The prayer sare recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur'an.In many part of the world, including many non-Arab countries such as Indonesia, the Arabic term salah is used. The other major term is namaz ( نماز ), used by speakers of the Indo-Iranian languages (e.g., Persian and Turkish).
Link: Purpose and importance of salah (Namaz)
Pilgrimage:
The pilgrimage, called the ḥajj (حج) during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the city of Mecca. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it must make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his or her lifetime. Rituals of the Hajj include walking seven times around the Kaaba, touching the black stone if possible, walking or running seven times between Mount Safa and Mount Marwah, and symbolically stoning the Devil in Mina.
Law and jurisprudence:
The Sharia (literally "the path leading to the watering place") is Islamic law formed by traditional Islamic scholarship, which most Muslim groups adhere to. In Islam, Sharia is the expression of the divine will, and "constitutes a system of duties that are incumbent upon a Muslim by virtue of his religious belief". Islamic law covers all aspects of life, from matters of state, like governance and foreign relations, to issues of daily living. The Qur'an defines hudud as the punishments for five specific crimes: unlawful intercourse, false accusation of unlawful intercourse, consumption of alcohol, theft, and highway robbery. Though not in the Qur'an , there are
also laws against apostasy (although Muslims disagree over punishment). The Qur'an and Sunnah also contain laws of inheritance, marriage, and restitution for injuries and murder, as well as rules for fasting, charity, and prayer. However, these prescriptions and prohibitions may be broad, so their application in practice varies. Islamic scholars (known as ulema) have elaborated systems of law on the basis of these rules and their interpretations. Over the years there have been changing views on Islamic law but many such as Zahiri and Jariri have since died out. Fiqh, or "jurisprudence", is defined as the knowledge of the practical rules of the religion. Much of it has evolved to prevent innovation or alteration in the original religion, known as bid'ah. The method Islamic jurists use to derive rulings is known as usul al-fiqh ("legal theory", or "principles of jurisprudence"). According to Islamic legal theory, law has four fundamental roots, which are given precedence in this order: the Qur'an, the Sunnah (the practice ofHazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam), the consensus of the Muslim jurists (ijma), and analogical reasoning (qiyas). For early Islamic jurists, theory was less important than pragmatic application of the law. In the 9th century, the jurist ash-Shafi'i provided a theoretical basis for Islamic law by codifying the principles of jurisprudence (including the four fundamental roots) in his book ar-Risālah.
also laws against apostasy (although Muslims disagree over punishment). The Qur'an and Sunnah also contain laws of inheritance, marriage, and restitution for injuries and murder, as well as rules for fasting, charity, and prayer. However, these prescriptions and prohibitions may be broad, so their application in practice varies. Islamic scholars (known as ulema) have elaborated systems of law on the basis of these rules and their interpretations. Over the years there have been changing views on Islamic law but many such as Zahiri and Jariri have since died out. Fiqh, or "jurisprudence", is defined as the knowledge of the practical rules of the religion. Much of it has evolved to prevent innovation or alteration in the original religion, known as bid'ah. The method Islamic jurists use to derive rulings is known as usul al-fiqh ("legal theory", or "principles of jurisprudence"). According to Islamic legal theory, law has four fundamental roots, which are given precedence in this order: the Qur'an, the Sunnah (the practice ofHazrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam), the consensus of the Muslim jurists (ijma), and analogical reasoning (qiyas). For early Islamic jurists, theory was less important than pragmatic application of the law. In the 9th century, the jurist ash-Shafi'i provided a theoretical basis for Islamic law by codifying the principles of jurisprudence (including the four fundamental roots) in his book ar-Risālah.
Jurists:
There are many terms in Islam to refer to religiously sanctioned positions of Islam, but "jurist" generally refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. In a broader sense, the term ulema is used to describe the body of Muslim clergy who have completed several years of training and study of Islamic sciences, such as a mufti, qadi, faqih, or muhaddith. Some Muslims include under this term the village mullahs, imams, and maulvis—who have attained only the lowest rungs on the ladder of Islamic scholarship; otherMuslims would say that clerics must meet higher standards to be considered ulama (singular Aalim). Some Muslims practise ijtihad whereby they do not accept the authority of clergy.
Etiquette and diet:
Many practices fall in the category of adab, or Islamic etiquette. This includes greeting others with "as-salamu`alaykum" ("peace be unto you"), saying bismillah ("in the merciful name of God") before meals, and using only the right hand for eating and drinking. Islamic hygienic practices mainly fall into the category of personal cleanliness and health. Circumcision of male offspring is also practiced in Islam. Islamic burial rituals include saying the Salat al-Janazah ("funeral prayer") over the bathed and enshrouded dead body, and burying it in a grave. Muslims are restricted in their diet. Prohibited foods include pork products, blood, carrion, and alcohol. All meat must come from a herbivorous animal slaughtered in the name of God by a Muslim, Jew, or Christian, with the exception of game that one has hunted or fished for oneself. Food permissible for Muslims is known as halal food.
Family life:
The basic unit of Islamic society is the family, and Islam defines the obligations and legal rights of family members. The father is seen as financially responsible for his family, and is obliged to cater for their well-being. The division of inheritance is specified in the Qur'an, which states that most of it is to pass to the immediate family, while a portion is set aside for the payment of debts and the making of bequests. With some exceptions, the woman's share of inheritance is generally half of that of a man with the same rights of succession. Marriage in Islam is a civil contract which consists of an offer and acceptance between two qualified parties in the presence of two witnesses. The groom is required to pay a bridal gift (mahr) to the bride, as stipulated in the contract. A man may have up to four wives if he believes he can treat them equally, while a woman may have only one husband. In most Muslim countries, the process of divorce in Islam is known as talaq, which the husband initiates by pronouncing the word "divorce". Scholars disagree whether Islamic holy texts justify traditional Islamic practices such as veiling and seclusion (purdah). Starting in the 20th century, Muslim social reformers argued against these and other practices such as polygamy in Islam, with varying success. At the same time, many Muslim women have attempted to reconcile tradition with modernity by combining an active life with outward modesty. Purdah is freedom for women.Because it help her to going anywhere with safe than a bepurdah(Uncovered) women.Purdah is not only for women its also for men. Basically purdah is making sexless distance between two gender.
Government:
Mainstream Islamic law does not distinguish between "matters of church" and "matters of state"; the scholars function as both jurists and theologians. In practice, Islamic rulers frequently bypassed the Sharia courts with a parallel system of so-called "Grievance courts" over which they had sole control. As the Muslim world came into
contact with European secular ideals, Muslim societies responded in different ways. Turkey has been governed as a secular state ever since the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1923. In contrast, the 1979 Iranian Revolution replaced a mostly secular regime with an Islamic republic led by the Ayatollah Khomeini.
contact with European secular ideals, Muslim societies responded in different ways. Turkey has been governed as a secular state ever since the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1923. In contrast, the 1979 Iranian Revolution replaced a mostly secular regime with an Islamic republic led by the Ayatollah Khomeini.
Jihad (Military):
Jihad means "to strive or struggle". Jihad, in its broadest sense, is classically defined as "exerting one's utmost power, efforts, endeavors, or ability in contending with an object of disapprobation." Depending on the object being a visible enemy, the devil, and aspects of one's own self (such as sinful desires), different categories of jihad are defined. Jihad, when used without any qualifier, is understood in its military aspect. Jihad also refers to one's striving to attain religious and moral perfection. Some Muslim authorities, distinguish between the "greater jihad", which pertains to spiritual self-perfection, and the "lesser jihad", defined as warfare.
Within Islamic jurisprudence, jihad is usually taken to mean military exertion against non-Muslim combatants in the Defense of the Ummah. The ultimate purpose of military jihad is debated, both within the Islamic community and without, with some claiming that it only serves to protect the Ummah, with no aspiration of offensive conflict, whereas others have argued that the goal of Jihad is global conquest. Jihad is the only form of warfare permissible in Islamic law and may be declared against terrorists, criminal groups, rebels, apostates, and leaders or states who oppress Muslims or hamper proselytizing efforts. Most Muslims today interpret Jihad as only a defensive form of warfare: the external Jihad includes a struggle to make the Islamic societies conform to the Islamic norms of justice.
Within Islamic jurisprudence, jihad is usually taken to mean military exertion against non-Muslim combatants in the Defense of the Ummah. The ultimate purpose of military jihad is debated, both within the Islamic community and without, with some claiming that it only serves to protect the Ummah, with no aspiration of offensive conflict, whereas others have argued that the goal of Jihad is global conquest. Jihad is the only form of warfare permissible in Islamic law and may be declared against terrorists, criminal groups, rebels, apostates, and leaders or states who oppress Muslims or hamper proselytizing efforts. Most Muslims today interpret Jihad as only a defensive form of warfare: the external Jihad includes a struggle to make the Islamic societies conform to the Islamic norms of justice.
Under most circumstances and for most Muslims, jihad is a fard kifaya (collective duty): its performance by some individuals exempts the others. Only for those vested with authority, especially the imam (sovereign), does jihad become an individual duty. For the rest of the populace, this happens only in the case of a general mobilization. For most Shias, offensive jihad can only be declared by a divinely appointed leader of the Muslim community, and
as such is suspended since Muhammad al-Mahdi's occultation in 868 AD.
as such is suspended since Muhammad al-Mahdi's occultation in 868 AD.
Forbidding what is evil (Arabic: النهي عن المنكر Nahy ana l-Munkar), is a part of Islam and means, for example, to oppose injustice. It is derived from the Quranic command what is good and forbid what is wrong. The phrase "Forbidding what is Evil" comes from several Qur'anic ayah (verses). "al-Munkar" means literally "the rejected".
Muhammad(Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) (610–632):Prophet Muhammad PBUH as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Last Prophet Muhammad is the last in a series of prophets. 
Prophet Muhammad PBUH (c. 570 – June 8, 632) was last prophet. Prophet Muhammad PBUH is the last messenger of Allah, One and Only God, through which the Qur'an was revealed. The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his companions. During this time, Prophet Muhammad PBUH preached to the people of Mecca, imploring them to abandon polytheism. Although some converted to Islam, Hazrat Muhammad PBUH and his followers were persecuted by the leading Meccan authorities. After 12 years of preaching, Prophet Muhammad Mustafa PBUH and the Muslims performed the Hijra ("emigration") to the city of Medina (formerly known as Yathrib) in 622, after initially trying the Ethiopian Aksumite Empire. There, with the Medinan converts (Ansar) and the Meccan migrants (Muhajirun), Prophet Muhammad Mustafa PBUH established his political and religious authority. Within years, two battles had been fought against Meccan forces: the Battle of Badr in 624, which was a Muslim victory, and the Battle of Uhud in 625, which ended inconclusively. Conflict with Medinan Jewish clans who opposed the Muslims led to their exile, enslavement, or death, and the Jewish enclave of Khaybar was subdued. In 628, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was signed between Mecca and the Muslims and was broken by Mecca two years later. At the same time, Meccan trade routes were cut off as Prophet Muhammad Mustafa Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam brought surrounding desert tribes under his control. By 629 Prophet Muhammad Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam was victorious in the nearly bloodless Conquest of Mecca, and by the time of his death in 632 (at the age of 62) he united the tribes of Arabia into a single religious polity.
Isra and Miraj of the prophet Muhammad Sallallāhu alaihi wa sallam>>
Mash'Allah!!
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