An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a numerical
identifier used to identify a device or network interface when communicating
over an IP network. IP addresses are essential for sending data between
devices across local networks and the Internet.
What Is an IP Address?
An IP address is assigned to a device or network interface that communicates
using the Internet Protocol. Computers, smartphones, tablets, servers,
printers, routers, and other network-connected devices can use IP addresses
to communicate with one another.
For example, when you visit a website, your device communicates with the
website's server using IP addresses. The server can normally see the
public IP address associated with your Internet connection.
Public IP Address vs. Private IP Address
There are two common types of IP addresses you will encounter:
public IP addresses and private IP addresses.
Public IP Address
A public IP address is used to identify your connection on
the Internet. Your Internet service provider (ISP) typically assigns a
public IP address to your router or connection.
Websites and Internet services can generally see the public IP address from
which a connection reaches them. However, an IP address alone does not
automatically reveal a person's exact physical location or identity.
Private IP Address
A private IP address is used inside a local network, such
as your home or office network. Your router may assign private addresses
such as 192.168.1.10 or 10.0.0.5 to devices on
the network.
IPv4 and IPv6
The two major versions of the Internet Protocol currently in use are
IPv4 and IPv6.
IPv4
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit addresses normally written as four decimal
numbers separated by dots.
192.168.1.10
IPv4 provides approximately 4.3 billion possible addresses, which is one
of the reasons IPv6 was developed.
IPv6
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and provides a vastly larger address space.
An IPv6 address can look like this:
2001:db8::1
IPv6 also introduces improvements to addressing and network configuration
compared with IPv4.
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